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19 March 2008

Analyzing State of Massachusetts House Bill 1423

What would the so-called Massachusetts "Games-as-Porn" bill really mean?

“SECTION 1. Section 31 of Chapter 272 of the General Laws, as appearing in the 2004 Official Edition, is hereby amended by deleting the definition ‘Harmful to Minors’ inserting the following new definition:  ‘Harmful to minors’, matter is harmful to minors if it is obscene or, if taken as a whole, it (1) describes or represents nudity, sexual conduct or sexual excitement, so as to appeal predominantly to the prurient interest of minors; (2) depicts violence in a manner patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community, so as to appeal predominantly to the morbid interest in violence of minors; (3) is patently contrary to prevailing standards of adults in the county where the offense was committed as to suitable material for such minors; and (4) lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value for minors.

“SECTION 2. Said Section 31 of Chapter 272, as so appearing, is hereby further amended by inserting in the definition of ‘Visual Material’ after the word ‘videotape’, the following: ‘interactive media,’.”

-Full text of the proposed Massachusetts House Bill 1423, titled “An Act to Restrict the Sale of Video Games with Violent Content to Minors”

What you see above is the entirety of the bill introduced in Massachusets this week, sponsored by state representative Linda Dorcena Forry and backed by Boston mayor Thomas Menino.

From the outset, it’s easy to see that the introduction, discussion, and imminent failure of this bill is mostly for the sake of posing for cameras and influencing constituencies.  Anyone attached to a bill like this can be pointed at as a “family values” candidate, someone who supposedly has the best interests of our children in mind.  The recent popularity of gaming makes it a prime candidate for the fire and brimstone of politicians, something that people can look at and condemn at the drop of a hat as they watch it capture the imaginations of the world’s youth.  Shouldn’t they be outside, playing?  Should they really be interacting with something that treats stealing a car as a good thing?  This bill represents people who don’t understand a medium preaching to people frightened by it, a volatile combination any way you look at it.

Is this porn?

Is this porn?

Still, based on the text of the bill, one might take some issue with the ways it has been represented in the media.  For one, it is constantly referred to as the “games-as-porn” bill, which seems a bit disingenuous, since such a label seems to imply that those behind the bill are chomping at the bit to call games porn, to get them out of stores and ruin the day of the developers and publishers behind the filth.  I don’t necessarily see it that way—to me, it looks a little bit like a “games-can-be-porn” bill, which actually makes a little bit of sense, to a point.

Bear with me here.  The way that the obscenity/pornography laws of Massachusetts are currently written, some retailer could sell a 10-year-old a game called Misty’s Masochistic Ménage à Trois, and there’s a chance that they wouldn’t be held responsible, given that “interactive media”, as Section 2 of the proposed bill puts it, is not currently covered by the law.  Putting aside the highly subjective topics of what exactly constitues obscenity or pornography, it seems safe to say that if you are going to hold people responsible for selling “filth” to minors, video game “filth” should be part of that.  The addition of “interactive media” to the definition of “Visual Material” would seem to be more a matter of times changing than any sort of video game witch hunt.

How about this?

How about this?

It’s the other part of the bill that seems a touch...underdeveloped.  The definition of “Harmful to Minors” proposed by Bill 1423 is actually identical to the one that already exists, except for the insertion of clause #2, the wording describing violence.  The problem here is that the definition of “violence” as it applies to media is even more difficult to nail down than the already subjective topic of what exactly constitutes “sexual conduct”.  Besides even that, the way the Bill is worded, the “violence” clause is not specific to games (as implied by most of the coverage of the bill)—the sale of any media considered too “violent” to minors becomes subject to the pornography laws.  You could just as easily call this the “violence-as-porn” bill, which may well mean that it applies to the genre of movies that spawned Saw and Hostel.  Still, there is a tremendous genre of movies whose entire point is mindless violence, with no truly redeeming artistic value to be found.  They’re called action movies.  The governor of California even starred in a couple of them.  Are they going to enforce the sale of Commando the same way they do, say, Condemned?

So would the passing of Bill 1423 mean the possible enforcement of laws prohibiting the sale of the most violent of video games to minors?  Of course.  The fist-bumping violence of Army of Two or the gleeful feeling of running from the cops in the Grand Theft Auto series would probably take a small hit in sales...or, at least, they would in Massachusetts.  Still, based on the all-too general wording of the bill and the implications of it beyond its intent, there’s no way it could possibly pass as it is currently written.

As far as I can see, it’s hardly worth getting worked up over.  Disagree?  Let me have it in the comments.

Mike Schiller

Video Game Violence - How much of this would be considered pornography?

My issue with the bill is its attempt to form classifications of the media outside of the pre-existing methods used (MPAA and ESRB ratings).

I have absolutely no problem with a state law declaring it illegal for businesses to sell R/NC-17 movies, M/AO video games, and Explicit audio to people under the age of 17.  But why is there a need to add a new level of classification, let alone one so vague in its classification of violence?

And, yeah, the name of the bill makes no sense other than to hype the extreme view of games as being harmful to children.

Comment by .c.goodno from MD, USA — March 19, 2008 @ 12:44 pm

That’s a good thought, because the ratings do at least offer a binary guideline for whether a retailer could be prosecuted or not.  The problem with that, I think, is that the ratings systems for both movies and games are voluntary.  I believe that Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo all require ESRB ratings before they will license games to be played on their systems, but wording the law to limit it to those pieces of media with “adult” ratings would entirely ignore unrated movies, unlicensed games, and any other product not subject to such classification.  Given that most porn is unrated (because, well, you generally don’t need the help of a ratings board to determine its contents), the lawmakers would still need to include language that subjectifies the question of what exactly constitutes pornography.

Could they qualify those subjective clauses such that they only include media that has not been previously rated?  Maybe, though I suspect they’re probably not all that willing to put that kind of work into a bill destined to be struck down on grounds of unconstitutionality, when their intent is likely the appearance of sincerity anyway.

Comment by Mike Schiller — March 19, 2008 @ 2:03 pm

I heard of some games that depicts two Brooklyn brothers with exaggerated Italian features who kill scores of turtles, drop an ape on top of his head, and more recently knock an hedgehog off a tall platform. I wonder how this bill 1423 will cover that.

If I stepped on a person’s for by accident, that would be considered violence. How do I know I won’t read about a sales clerk getting arrested for selling Street Fighter to sixteen-year-old?

How about when that clerk sell Halo to a mom who happens to have her kid with her and the next day the mom returns to the store with a cop? What’s protecting them sellers from THAT?

And yes, Mike. Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo demand all games to be rated by the ESRB before they are licensed. Adults Only-rated games don’t get licended. GTA San Andreas was one exception, but because ther ESRB did not discover “Hot Coffee” until after they first rated that game and was forced the re-rate it AO.

Games don’t need a license nor a rating to be on PC, but many PC games still get the rating since some major store carry only rated games.

The major stores generally don’t sell AO-rated games but they can also refuse to sell a game despite its acceptable rating. The Guy Game and BMX XXX are two examples.

Comment by Royal Lance from New York — March 20, 2008 @ 6:15 am

No, no, no! You’ve got it wrong, c.goodno.

Legally enforcing the explicitly voluntary age-appropriateness suggestion ratings published by the ESRB (or MPAA) is an awful idea. First, it would misuse the rating system, by treating subjective suggestions as black-and-white law. Second, it would transfer the people’s right to judge content according to community standard to an out-of-state, private sector organization that has no accountability to the citizens.

It’s a terrible idea to try to violate the first amendment, and it’s an even worse idea to violate the first amendment according to the subjective judgments of a private-sector organization that is owned and operated by the major game publishers union. I only wish more Massachusetts citizens realized all the time and tax money wasted on this measure that does nothing but provide a platform for politicians to make useless, uninformed, misleading fear-mongering and pandering statements.

What can we do, though? We wasted millions of tax dollars on the same political sham here in Michigan, too. We don’t have a lot of tax dollars to spare here in Michigan right now....

Comment by StinkingKevin from Ann Arbor, MI — March 20, 2008 @ 11:41 am

— PopMatters sponsor —

The good news is that these things never pass.  Just think of the wasted tax dollars trying to *enforce* them…

Comment by Mike Schiller — March 20, 2008 @ 12:33 pm

As for the question as would government would regulate movies as the way they want to do with do with video game, the answer is NO!!!

The average politician is in bed with mainstream media. They need to be on TV so they can push their agendas. If a politician even mentions arresting anyone who for selling a 17-year a ticket to go see, say The Matrix, Time Warner will make damn sure the person doesn’t get a second of airtime on CNN.

Comment by Lance from Queens, NT — March 23, 2008 @ 11:51 am

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